Earth and Environmental Science extension - Rock and sediment materials vocabulary

Rock and sediment categories for iSamples materialType classification. Remove anthropogenic materials and classes for consolidated or non-consolidated material; remove leaf classes subjectively based on abundance of material type and number of subclasses. There are 83 ‘mat:rock’ subclasses; these include some classes that are non-consolidated material (e.g. fault gouge) but these are not sediment and adding ‘material’ classes that are independent of consolidation seems like more overhead than needed. Note that a given material is likely to fit in more that one class; for example the sediment subclasses include compositional classes (e.g. carbonate, clastic) as well as grain size classes (gravel-size sediment). A calcareous ooze sample would be both ‘mud-size sediment’ and ‘carbonate sediment’. Change owl:class to skos:concept, and rdfs:subClassOf to skos:broader.

Vocabularies and extensions:

• Earth and Environmental Science extension - Rock and sediment materials vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

History:

2024-01-06 SMR updates to validate with SHACL rules in isamples/vocab_tools repo; extension vocabulary in skos:inScheme isamples parent voabularty; properties on inherited classes from iSample parent.

Concept Hierarchy:

• Rock
  • aphanite
  • breccia
  • fault related material
    • cataclasite series
    • mylonitic rock
    • breccia gouge series
  • fragmental igneous rock
    • pyroclastic rock
  • igneous rock
    • acidic igneous rock
      • dacite
      • granitoid
        • alkali feldspar granite
        • granite
        • granodiorite
        • tonalite
      • quartz rich igneous rock
      • rhyolitoid
    • basic igneous rock
      • basalt
      • gabbroic rock
    • doleritic rock
    • exotic composition igneous rock
    • fine grained igneous rock
      • andesite
      • basalt
      • dacite
      • foiditoid
      • high magnesium fine grained igneous rock
      • phonolitoid
      • rhyolitoid
      • tephritoid
      • trachytoid
    • fragmental igneous rock
      • pyroclastic rock
    • glass rich igneous rock
    • hypabyssal intrusive rock
    • intermediate composition igneous rock
      • andesite
      • dioritoid
    • phaneritic igneous rock
      • anorthositic rock
      • aplite
      • dioritoid
      • foid dioritoid
      • foid gabbroid
      • foid syenitoid
      • foidolite
      • gabbroid
        • gabbroic rock
        • monzogabbroic rock
      • granitoid
        • alkali feldspar granite
        • granite
        • granodiorite
        • tonalite
      • hornblendite
      • pegmatite
      • peridotite
      • pyroxenite
      • quartz rich igneous rock
      • syenitoid
    • plutonic rock
    • porphyry
    • ultrabasic igneous rock
    • ultramafic igneous rock
      • hornblendite
      • peridotite
      • pyroxenite
    • volcanic rock
  • impact generated material
  • massive sulphide
  • metamorphic rock
  • metasomatic rock
  • sedimentary rock
    • carbonate sedimentary rock
    • clastic sedimentary rock
      • diamictite
    • generic conglomerate
    • generic mudstone
    • generic sandstone
    • hybrid sedimentary rock
    • iron rich sedimentary rock
    • non clastic siliceous sedimentary rock
    • organic rich sedimentary rock
      • coal
    • phosphorite
  • tuffit
  • residual material
• Sediment
  • biogenic sediment
  • carbonate sediment
  • chemical sedimentary material
  • clastic sediment
    • diamicton
  • gravel size sediment
  • hybrid sediment
  • iron rich sediment
  • mud size sediment
  • non clastic siliceous sediment
  • phosphate rich sediment
  • sand size sediment
  • tephra

1 Rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

This is a top concept of the vocabulary.

Immediately narrower concepts: aphanite, breccia, fault related material, fragmental igneous rock, igneous rock, impact generated material, massive sulphide, metamorphic rock, metasomatic rock, sedimentary rock, tuffit, residual material

Definition: Consolidated aggregate of particles (grains) of rock, mineral (including native elements), mineraloid, or solid organic material. Includes mineral aggregates such as granite, shale, marble; natural glass such as obsidian; organic material formed by geologic processes such a coal; extraterrestrial material in meteorites; and crushed rock fragments like drill cuttings from rock. (based on http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock, same as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001995)

1.1 aphanite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Aphanite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->aphanite

Definition: Rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail.

1.2 breccia

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Breccia
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->breccia

Definition: Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix, and consolidated or nonconsolidated. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. In sedimentary environments, breccia is used for material that consists entirely of angular fragments, mostly derived from a single source rock body, as in a rock avalanche deposit, and matrix is interpreted to be the product of comminution of clasts during transport. Diamictite or diamicton is used when the material reflects mixing of rock from a variety of sources, some sub angular or subrounded clasts may be present, and matrix is pre-existing fine grained material that is not a direct product of the brecciation/deposition process.

1.3 fault related material

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Fault_Related_Material
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->fault related material

Immediately narrower concepts: cataclasite series, mylonitic rock, breccia gouge series

Definition: Material formed as a result brittle faulting, composed of greater than 10 percent matrix; matrix is fine-grained material caused by tectonic grainsize reduction. Includes cohesive (cataclasite series, mylonitic rocks) and non-cohesive (breccia-gouge series) material.

1.3.1 cataclasite series

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Cataclasite_Series
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->fault related material->cataclasite series

Definition: Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion during deformation, with matrix comprising greater than 10 percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material formed through grain size reduction by fracture as opposed to crystal plastic process that operate in mylonitic rock. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite.

1.3.2 mylonitic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Mylonitic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->fault related material->mylonitic rock

Definition: Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite.

1.3.3 breccia gouge series

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/breccia_gouge_series
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->fault related material->breccia gouge series

Definition: Fault-related material with features such as void spaces (filled or unfilled), or unconsolidated matrix material between fragments, indicating loss of cohesion during deformation. Includes fault-related breccia and gouge.

1.4 fragmental igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Fragmental_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->Rock->igneous rock->fragmental igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: pyroclastic rock

Definition: Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite)

1.4.1 pyroclastic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Pyroclastic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->Rock->igneous rock->fragmental igneous rock->pyroclastic rock

Definition: Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes.

1.5 igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: acidic igneous rock, basic igneous rock, doleritic rock, exotic composition igneous rock, fine grained igneous rock, fragmental igneous rock, glass rich igneous rock, hypabyssal intrusive rock, intermediate composition igneous rock, phaneritic igneous rock, plutonic rock, porphyry, ultrabasic igneous rock, ultramafic igneous rock, volcanic rock

Definition: rock formed as a result of igneous processes, for example intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, or volcanic eruption.

1.5.1 acidic igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Acidic_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: dacite, granitoid, quartz rich igneous rock, rhyolitoid

Definition: Igneous rock with more than 63 percent SiO2.

1.5.1.1 dacite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Dacite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->dacite

Definition: Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typically composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite.

1.5.1.2 granitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Granitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid

Immediately narrower concepts: alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite, tonalite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and/or plagioclase. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite.

Alternate labels: granitic rock

1.5.1.2.1 alkali feldspar granite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Alkali_Feldspar_Granite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->alkali feldspar granite

Definition: Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF field 2.

1.5.1.2.2 granite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Granite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->granite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3.

1.5.1.2.3 granodiorite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Granodiorite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->granodiorite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4.

1.5.1.2.4 tonalite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Tonalite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->tonalite

Definition: Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9.

1.5.1.3 quartz rich igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Quartz_Rich_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->quartz rich igneous rock

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals and contains greater than 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction.

1.5.1.4 rhyolitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Rhyolitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->rhyolitoid

Definition: fine_grained_igneous_rock consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. QAPF normative definition is based on modal mineralogy thus: less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and ratio of plagioclse to total feldspar is less than 0.65.

Alternate labels: rhyolitic rock

1.5.2 basic igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Basic_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->basic igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: basalt, gabbroic rock

Definition: Igneous rock with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2.

1.5.2.1 basalt

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Basalt
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->basic igneous rock->basalt

Definition: Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight.

1.5.2.2 gabbroic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Gabbroic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->gabbroid->Rock->igneous rock->basic igneous rock->gabbroic rock

Definition: Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10’. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content.

1.5.3 doleritic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Doleritic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->doleritic rock

Definition: Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro.

1.5.4 exotic composition igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Exotic_Composition_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->exotic composition igneous rock

Definition: Rock with ‘exotic’ mineralogical, textural or field setting characteristics; typically dark colored, with abundant phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than 10 percent melilite or leucite, or presence of kalsilite, or greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Includes Carbonatite, Melilitic rock, Kalsilitic rocks, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Leucitic rock and Lamprophyres.

1.5.5 fine grained igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Fine_Grained_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: andesite, basalt, dacite, foiditoid, high magnesium fine grained igneous rock, phonolitoid, rhyolitoid, tephritoid, trachytoid

Definition: Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks.

Alternate labels: volcanic rock

1.5.5.1 andesite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Andesite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->intermediate composition igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->andesite

Definition: Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock.

1.5.5.2 basalt

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Basalt
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->basic igneous rock->basalt

Definition: Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight.

1.5.5.3 dacite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Dacite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->dacite

Definition: Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typically composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite.

1.5.5.4 foiditoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Foiditoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->foiditoid

Definition: Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F.

Alternate labels: foidite (sensu lato), foiditic rock

1.5.5.5 high magnesium fine grained igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/High_Magnesium_Fine_Grained_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->high magnesium fine grained igneous rock

Definition: fine-grained igneous rock that contains unusually high concentration of MgO. For rocks that contain greater than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 8 percent. For rocks containing less than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 12 percent.

1.5.5.6 phonolitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Phonolitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->phonolitoid

Definition: Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph.

Alternate labels: phonolitic rock

1.5.5.7 rhyolitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Rhyolitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->rhyolitoid

Definition: fine_grained_igneous_rock consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. QAPF normative definition is based on modal mineralogy thus: less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and ratio of plagioclse to total feldspar is less than 0.65.

Alternate labels: rhyolitic rock

1.5.5.8 tephritoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Tephritoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->tephritoid

Definition: Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite.

Alternate labels: tephritic rock

1.5.5.9 trachytoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Trachytoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->trachytoid

Definition: Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite.

1.5.6 fragmental igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Fragmental_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->Rock->igneous rock->fragmental igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: pyroclastic rock

Definition: Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite)

1.5.6.1 pyroclastic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Pyroclastic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->Rock->igneous rock->fragmental igneous rock->pyroclastic rock

Definition: Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes.

1.5.7 glass rich igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Glass_Rich_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->glass rich igneous rock

Definition: Igneous rock that contains greater than 50 percent massive glass.

1.5.8 hypabyssal intrusive rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Hypabyssal_Intrusive_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->hypabyssal intrusive rock

Definition: Igneous rocks formed by crystallisation close to the Earth’s surface, characterized by more rapid cooling than plutonic setting to produce generally fine-grained intrusive igneous rock, commonly associated with co-magmatic volcanic rocks.

1.5.9 intermediate composition igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Intermediate_Composition_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->intermediate composition igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: andesite, dioritoid

Definition: Igneous rock with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2.

1.5.9.1 andesite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Andesite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->intermediate composition igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->fine grained igneous rock->andesite

Definition: Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock.

1.5.9.2 dioritoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Dioritoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->intermediate composition igneous rock->dioritoid

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions).

1.5.10 phaneritic igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Phaneritic_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: anorthositic rock, aplite, dioritoid, foid dioritoid, foid gabbroid, foid syenitoid, foidolite, gabbroid, granitoid, hornblendite, pegmatite, peridotite, pyroxenite, quartz rich igneous rock, syenitoid

Definition: Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of individual crystals that can be discerned with the unaided eye. Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with ‘exotic’ composition are excluded from this concept.

Alternate labels: coarse grained crystalline igneous rock, plutonic rock

1.5.10.1 anorthositic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Anorthositic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->anorthositic rock

Definition: Anorthositic rock term invented to label the combined QAPF fields 10, 10*, and 10’, in order to construct hierarchy in this vocabulary.

1.5.10.2 aplite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Aplite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->aplite

Definition: Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase.

1.5.10.3 dioritoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Dioritoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->intermediate composition igneous rock->dioritoid

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions).

1.5.10.4 foid dioritoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Foid_Dioritoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->foid dioritoid

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14.

1.5.10.5 foid gabbroid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Foid_Gabbroid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->foid gabbroid

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14.

1.5.10.6 foid syenitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Foid_Syenitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->foid syenitoid

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12.

1.5.10.7 foidolite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Foidolite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->foidolite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15

1.5.10.8 gabbroid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Gabbroid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->gabbroid

Immediately narrower concepts: gabbroic rock, monzogabbroic rock

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions.

1.5.10.8.1 gabbroic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Gabbroic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->gabbroid->Rock->igneous rock->basic igneous rock->gabbroic rock

Definition: Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10’. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content.

1.5.10.8.2 monzogabbroic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Monzogabbroic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->gabbroid->monzogabbroic rock

Definition: Gabbroid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.65 and 0.9. QAPF field 9, 9 prime and 9 asterisk

1.5.10.9 granitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Granitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid

Immediately narrower concepts: alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite, tonalite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and/or plagioclase. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite.

Alternate labels: granitic rock

1.5.10.9.1 alkali feldspar granite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Alkali_Feldspar_Granite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->alkali feldspar granite

Definition: Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF field 2.

1.5.10.9.2 granite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Granite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->granite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3.

1.5.10.9.3 granodiorite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Granodiorite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->granodiorite

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4.

1.5.10.9.4 tonalite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Tonalite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->granitoid->tonalite

Definition: Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9.

1.5.10.10 hornblendite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Hornblendite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->hornblendite

Definition: Ultramafic rock that consists of greater than 40 percent hornblende plus pyroxene and has a hornblende to pyroxene ratio greater than 1. Includes olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite.

1.5.10.11 pegmatite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Pegmatite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->pegmatite

Definition: Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1cm or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock;usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths.

1.5.10.12 peridotite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Peridotite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->peridotite

Definition: Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite.

1.5.10.13 pyroxenite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Pyroxenite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->pyroxenite

Definition: Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite.

1.5.10.14 quartz rich igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Quartz_Rich_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->acidic igneous rock->quartz rich igneous rock

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals and contains greater than 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction.

1.5.10.15 syenitoid

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Syenitoid
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->syenitoid

Definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions.

1.5.11 plutonic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Plutonic_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->plutonic rock

Definition: Instrusive igneous rock formed by crystallisation of magma far enough below Earth surface that complete crystallization of magma bodies forms holocrystalline medium to coarse grained igneous rock, wall rocks generally do not include volcanic products related to the magma, and some contact metamorphism is tyypically developed at intrusive contacts.

1.5.12 porphyry

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Porphyry
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->porphyry

Definition: Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained.

1.5.13 ultrabasic igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Ultrabasic_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultrabasic igneous rock

Definition: Igneous rock with less than 45 percent SiO2.

1.5.14 ultramafic igneous rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Ultramafic_Igneous_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock

Immediately narrower concepts: hornblendite, peridotite, pyroxenite

Definition: Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent mafic minerals.

1.5.14.1 hornblendite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Hornblendite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->hornblendite

Definition: Ultramafic rock that consists of greater than 40 percent hornblende plus pyroxene and has a hornblende to pyroxene ratio greater than 1. Includes olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite.

1.5.14.2 peridotite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Peridotite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->peridotite

Definition: Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite.

1.5.14.3 pyroxenite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Pyroxenite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->ultramafic igneous rock->Rock->igneous rock->phaneritic igneous rock->pyroxenite

Definition: Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite.

1.5.15 volcanic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Volcanic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->igneous rock->volcanic rock

Definition: Rock that exhibits direct evidence of extrusive igneous processes in its genesis.

Notes: Hand-sample level evidence for extrusive origin includes vesiculation, inclusion of supracrustal fragments, eutaxitic foliation, bread-crust surfaces; weaker evidence includes glassy texture or fragmentation interpreted to be related to flow or eruption processes. In many cases, rocks are classified as volcanic based on the context in which they are collected; as such the assignement of volcanic genesis is not based on properties directly observable in the sample.

This class will overlap with various other classes, including exotic compoistion, fine-grained igneous, glass-rich igneous, intermediate-composition, porphyry, ultrabasic, ultramafic, depending on how much information is available

Alternate labels: volcanic rock

1.6 impact generated material

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Impact_Generated_Material
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->impact generated material

Definition: Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks.

1.7 massive sulphide

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Massive_Sulphide
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->massive sulphide

Definition: rock consisting of greater than 50% sulphide or sulfosalt minerals formed by any processes. Includes hydrothermal and sedimentary ehalative sulfide.

Alternate labels: massive Sulfide

1.8 metamorphic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Metamorphic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->metamorphic rock

Definition: Rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment.

1.9 metasomatic rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Metasomatic_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->metasomatic rock

Definition: Rock that has fabric and composition indicating open-system mineralogical and chemical changes in response to interaction with a fluid phase, typically water rich.

1.10 sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock

Immediately narrower concepts: carbonate sedimentary rock, clastic sedimentary rock, generic conglomerate, generic mudstone, generic sandstone, hybrid sedimentary rock, iron rich sedimentary rock, non clastic siliceous sedimentary rock, organic rich sedimentary rock, phosphorite

Definition: Rock formed by accumulation and cementation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or as a result of other natural agents, such as precipitation from solution, the accumulation of organic material, or from biogenic processes, including secretion by organisms. Includes epiclastic deposits.

1.10.1 carbonate sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Carbonate_Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->carbonate sedimentary rock

Definition: Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite, magnesite or dolomite.

1.10.2 clastic sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Clastic_Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->clastic sedimentary rock

Immediately narrower concepts: diamictite

Definition: Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.

1.10.2.1 diamictite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Diamictite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->clastic sedimentary rock->diamictite

Definition: Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke.

1.10.3 generic conglomerate

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Generic_Conglomerate
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->generic conglomerate

Definition: Sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite.

1.10.4 generic mudstone

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Generic_Mudstone
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->generic mudstone

Definition: Sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin.

1.10.5 generic sandstone

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Generic_Sandstone
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->generic sandstone

Definition: Sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1.

1.10.6 hybrid sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Hybrid_Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->hybrid sedimentary rock

Definition: Sedimentary rock that does not fit any of the other composition/genesis categories. Sedimentary rock consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material.

1.10.7 iron rich sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Iron_Rich_Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->iron rich sedimentary rock

Definition: Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.

1.10.8 non clastic siliceous sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Non_Clastic_Siliceous_Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->non clastic siliceous sedimentary rock

Definition: Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition, or formed by diagenetic processes. Includes chert and flint found in carbonate rocks.

1.10.9 organic rich sedimentary rock

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Organic_Rich_Sedimentary_Rock
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->organic rich sedimentary rock

Immediately narrower concepts: coal

Definition: Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.

1.10.9.1 coal

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Coal
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->organic rich sedimentary rock->coal

Definition: A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75% moisture. This category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.

Alternate labels: kohle

1.10.10 phosphorite

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Phosphorite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->sedimentary rock->phosphorite

Definition: Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. Most commonly occurs as a bedded primary or reworked secondary marine rock, composed of microcrystalline carbonate fluorapatite in the form of lamina, pellets, oolites and nodules, and skeletal, shell and bone fragments.

1.11 tuffit

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Tuffite
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->tuffit

Definition: Rock consists of more than 50 percent particles of indeterminate pyroclastic or epiclastic origin and less than 75 percent particles of clearly pyroclastic origin. commonly the rock is laminated or exhibits size grading. (based on LeMaitre et al. 2002; Murawski and Meyer 1998).

Notes: In practice, it is likely that any rock for which there is suspicion that it may consist of redeposited pyroclastic material, usually based on sedimentary structures, irrespective of the presence or percentage of clearly epiclastic particles, would be called a tuffite. 50 percent cutoff with epiclastic rock is in contrast with LeMaitre et al., but is used for consistentency with other sedimentary rock categories following the pattern that the rock name reflects the predominant constituent.

synonym: volcaniclastic rock

Alternate labels: tuffite

1.12 residual material

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/residual_material
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Rock->residual material

Definition: Material of composite origin resulting from weathering processes at the Earth’s surface, with genesis dominated by removal of chemical constituents by aqueous leaching. Minor clastic, chemical, or organic input may also contribute. Consolidation state is not inherent in definition, but typically material is unconsolidated or weakly consolidated.

2 Sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/1.0/sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

This is a top concept of the vocabulary.

Immediately narrower concepts: biogenic sediment, carbonate sediment, chemical sedimentary material, clastic sediment, gravel size sediment, hybrid sediment, iron rich sediment, mud size sediment, non clastic siliceous sediment, phosphate rich sediment, sand size sediment, tephra

Definition: Solid granular material transported by wind, water, or gravity, not modified by interaction with biosphere or atmosphere (to differentiate from soil). Particles derived by erosion of pre-existing rock, from shell or other body parts from organisms, precipitated chemically in the surficial environment, or generated by explosive volcanic activity. (http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment). Sediment is not consolidated, i.e. Particulate constituents of a compound material do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid material in its own right. Similar to http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007

2.1 biogenic sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Biogenic_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->biogenic sediment

Definition: Sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material of biogenic origin. Because the biogenic material may be skeletal remains that are not organic, all biogenic sediment is not necessarily organic-rich.

2.2 carbonate sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Carbonate_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->carbonate sediment

Definition: Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.

2.3 chemical sedimentary material

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Chemical_Sedimentary_Material
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->chemical sedimentary material

Definition: Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent material produced by inorganic chemical processes within the basin of deposition. Includes inorganic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and phosphatic sediment classes, as well as chemical sediments associated with submarine hot springs (‘black smokers’). Note that these sediments might crystallize as a solid as they are deposited, thus similar to rock….

2.4 clastic sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Clastic_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->clastic sediment

Immediately narrower concepts: diamicton

Definition: Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.

2.4.1 diamicton

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Diamicton
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->clastic sediment->diamicton

Definition: Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sediment with a wide range of particle sizes, including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Assignment to an other size class can be used in conjunction to indicate the dominant grain size.

2.5 gravel size sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Gravel_Size_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->gravel size sediment

Definition: Sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Composition or gensis of clasts not specified.

2.6 hybrid sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Hybrid_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->hybrid sediment

Definition: Sediment that does not fit any of the other sediment composition/genesis categories. Sediment consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material.

2.7 iron rich sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Iron_Rich_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->iron rich sediment

Definition: Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.

2.8 mud size sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Mud_Size_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->mud size sediment

Definition: Sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. BGS (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999, p. 9) define the ‘upper size limit of mud … at 32 micrometers (.032 mm)’, but Wentworth scale and Krumbein scale put boundary at .064 or .062 mm (inidistinguishable difference in rocks…) BGS ‘mud-grade sediment’ or sedimentary rock definition is ‘over 75% of the clasts smaller than .032 mm’, which is narrower than the definition here.

2.9 non clastic siliceous sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Non_Clastic_Siliceous_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->non clastic siliceous sediment

Definition: Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition.

2.10 phosphate rich sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Phosphate_Rich_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->phosphate rich sediment

Definition: Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.

2.11 sand size sediment

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Sand_Size_Sediment
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->sand size sediment

Definition: Sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. composition or genesis of clasts not specified.

2.12 tephra

URI https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/Tephra
defined in vocabulary https://w3id.org/isample/earthenv/rocksediment/1.0/rocksedimentvocabulary

Path from the top concept: Sediment->tephra

Definition: Unconsolidated pyroclastic material in which greater than 75 percent of the fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has not been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash, lapilli tephra, bomb tephra, block tephra and unconsolidated agglomerate.